Machine



(No Modl.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 1.

J. PRATT. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

N0. 394,995. Patented Dec. 25, 1888.

(No Model.)

8 7 Sheets-Sheet 2. J. PRATT. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

No. 394,995. Patented Dec. 25,, 1888.

(N0 Model 7 Sheets-Sheet a.

J. PRATT. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

No. 394,995. Patented Dec. 25, 1888.

"WIN gnugum (N o Mrsdel.) 7 SheetsSheet 4.

v .J. PRATT.

\ TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

Patented Decf2 5, 1888.

(No Modl.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 5.

' J. PRATT.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

No. 394,995. Patented Dec. 25, 1888.

(No Model.) 7 Sheet 'sSheet- 6'.

J. PRATT. YPE WRITING MACHINE.

Patented De0. 25, 1888.

n w w. w W e T L QM W m TYPE WRITING MACHINE. No. 394,995. Patented Dec. 25, 1888.

is a front view in section on the line .r .r of

- 7 section on line If tof Fig. 14.' Fig. 16 isade- Fig. Fig. 5 is a plan view, partly insection, on line 3 2 Fig. 2. Fig. (i is a section on line type-wheel and its shaft. Fig. 8 is a section UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN PRATT, OF XElV YORK, X. Y.

TYPE-WRITING M ACH |NE.

QPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 394,995, dated December 25,1888.

' I Application filed J'inie 8, 1886. Serial No. 204,450. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, J OHN PRATT, residing in the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in 'l-ype-\\'riting )[achines,-of which the following is a specification.

'lhisinvention relates to that class of typewriting machines employing a type-carrier, and has for its objects, first, to cause the type- 5 carrier to automatically strike the platen; second, to improve the mechanism for moving the type to the impression-point and there arresting it, and also foradjusting easily and conveniently its position and the moment of its placement; third, to improve the, feed mechanism; fourth, to improve the arrangement of the key-board with reference to the compound movement of the tyl'ie-earri er; fifth, to improve the mechanism for detaching the feed-gearing of the paper-carriage; sixth, to improve the paper-carriage; seventh, to antomatically shift the ribbon-s md mechanism; eighth, to automatically move the ink-ribbon inand out, of the field of impression, so as to display each impressionas soon as made; ninth, to automatically prevent the type from making an impression when the space-key is struck.

In the accom ninying drawings, l ignre l is a plan view of aLtype-writing machine embodying my improvements. Fig. 2 is a view of the left side of the machine. Fig. 3 is a view of the right side of the machine. Fig.4

5 .2 of Figs. 1 and 1-. Fig. 6 is a detail'ol the device for sustaining the paper-carriage in an upright position. Fig. 7 is a detail of the on line .5 s of Fig. 7. l-ig. 9 is a plan view of the escapement mm-hanism with knife stoplever .in engagement with rack-bar. Fig. 10 is a rear view in section on line 0 0 of Fig. 2. Fig. 1.1. is a view in lo 'igitudinal sect-ion throughpaper-feed roll. Fig. 12 is a section through line .4 .r of Fig. 11'. Fig. 13 is a section through line 1' r, Fig. 12. Fig. 1-iisade tail showing a modification for securing the type-wheel sleeve to its shaft. Fig. 15 is a tail showing a key-lever with adjusting-pins.

Fig. 17 is,a detail of type-wheel and sleeve in section and shifter-arm,lookingfromth e right of the machine. Fig. 18 is a plan view of escapement mechanism with bell-crank lever engaging the rack-bar.

of the machine. line .2 2,Fig. 4. Figs-. 20 and 21 aresectional details of the ribbon-spool mechanism. Fig.

base-frame, in which play 'the key-levers 2,

and which serves as a support for the shafts of the shift-bars 4 and 5, the transverse lever 66, the driver-levers 3, the key-levers 2, the carriage-rail 9, the paper=roll supports 77, and.

the main spring 57. A striking type-carrier or type-wheel,10, is employed, having on its periphery, preferably, three. rows of relief type. The type-wheel is held in position on its shaft by means of a shifter-arm,- 13, hav i ng near its upper end a projection, 14, with a slot, 15', ei'lgaging the flange 16 of the hub 11, so as to shift the type-Wheelvertically, in orderto present the upper and lower rows of type to the platema'nd yet to allow the hub and'shaft to turn freely meanwhile. Forked arm 17 onshifter-arm 13 keeps the latter in place on shaft 12.. The shifter-arm 13 is flex; ible, so that it can bebent back to release forked arms 1-1 and 17 and allow the wheel to he slipped off. To cause the type-wheel to turn withits shaft,,an'd at the same time to have vertical play, an arm, 18, is slipped over the upper end of shaft 12 and secured by. a nut, 19, and on the end of arm 18 is a pin, 20, whichis located in a socket, 31, in wheel 10 and plays freely up and down therein. In lieu of the device just described, the shaft 12 may be formed with a spline, 22-, which engages a slot, 23, in the hub, as shown in Figs.-

lt and'15, so that the wheel may be removed more readily. In this way interchangeable type-wheels may be more quickly substituted. The lower end of shaft 12 rests-loosely in the pivot-pin of a vibrating bent lever-arm, 7, pivoted in a forked arm, 8,'sccured to the rail of the paper-carriage. The bent lever-arm 7 has an arm at its upper end which supports shaft12. 7 At the lower,end of shaft 12 is Fig. 1!) is a section V on line 1 .1 of Fig. 17, looking from the rear Fi 0 is a detail through miter-wheel, 24, which engages but normally is out. of gear with segmental bevel-wheels on the inner end of check-pin shafts 26, so as to permit one of the segment-gears 25 to engage wheel ill independently of the other,

and thus rotate the type-wheel from left to right or right to left, accordingly as either segmenial gear engages the miter-wheel of typeshalt. The outer ends of check-pin shafts 26 lmvc a pinion, 27, which gears with a toothed segment, on the outer ends of drivenlevers i. The check-pin shafts are studded with pins '30, in number corresponding with a single row of type, and arranged in a spiral direction to determine and limit, in connection with adj ustin g-pins and key-levers, the movement of shafts 26 and type-wheel shaft 12 when the correspomling type is brought to a position to strike; but since in practice itis diliicult to accurately adjust the position of the type wheel when ready to strike by means of said spiral check-pins the key-levers 2 are provided with regulator screw-pins 30, which serve to arrest the check-pins-EE), for the purpose of accurately determining the position of the corresponding type at the moment of striking.

The key levers have also ad justing-pins 31, Figs. 2, 3, and G, which strike against the driver-levers 3 and determine the degree of revolution of shat'ts 2i; and 12 for each corresponding type.-

The type-wheel is held in and returned to normal position by means of springs 32, their inner ends being secured to loose rings 33, separated by a ring, 3i, fixed to the shaft. The outer ends of springs 32 are secured to set-scrow collars 35, to adjustthe normal tension of the springs. Each ring 33 has a flange or projection, 34;, pressing in an opposite direction to its neighbor against the flange or projection :3? oi the middle ring and againsta irojection, 258, on the lever 7, so that one or the other of the springs 3:2 is under tension, .u-cording as the type-wheel is rotated from right to left or left to right. Since the typewhecl shaft is mounted in opposition to the check-springs, the teeth of the gear-wheelsare kept in contact and the lost motion between the gearing ot' type-shaft and check-pin shai'ts is taken up, and the resultii'ig inaccuracy in printing prevented. The shitter arm 1;; is pivoted on one end of a lever-arm, Fig. 3, having, its shaft it) jonrnaled in frame 41, secured to rail 9, on which shaft 40 is a lever-arm, 42, having at its outer end a pin, 3, which plays in a slot, ll, of a projection ol. shift-bar, 5. Shift-bar a is mounted on one end of lflllUBF-tll'lllS l7, pivoted on shaft 45, Fig. .l, at its center and ends, and shift-bar 5 on connecting-bars 52, moving in brackets 46, and pivoted to the opposite ends of leverarms -'l-7, the whole forming a rocker-lever. ".ihc rocker-lever is provided with a double spring, 49, which holds and returns it to a normal posiiiomas it also does the type-wheel transverse lever 66.

through the intervening mechanism de scribed. The spring 49 consists of two springarms, 50, bent before being put in position, so as to'be in tension when in a normal position, one arm ctmtrolling shift-bar 5 and the other shift-bar 4, and limited in their return movement by stop-arm 53, Figs. l and G. The spring-arms 50,11cld in tension in a normal position and bearing against stop-arm gi land pin H3, promptly arrest and prevent vibration of the type-wheel when the. latter returns to a normal position. The lever-arm 42 has a forked projection, 54, Fig. 3, the arms of which strike a pin, 55, midway between them and limit the vertical movement of the type-wheel in presenting the upper and lower row of type to the platen. Shift-bar 5 by means of the mechanism described lifts the type-wheel so asto bring the lower row of ous row of key-levers, controls both the laterat and vertical position of the capital letters. The ad vantage ot. this arrangement is that a capital letter may be forn'ied by striking a key with its. contiguous shiftbar, while the more infrequent signs will be formed by striking a given key in combination with the more remote shift-bar. The forward or striking' movement of the type-wheel is given by the movement of the paper-carriage 56, drawn forward by main spring 57, carrying a pulley, 151, on which is wound a cord, 152, attached to said carriage, which is wound and regulated as to tension by a pawl and ratchet,

The papercarriage, to be more fully de scribed hereinafter, has hinged to it a ratchetbar, 5%). This ratchet-bar has an angle-piece screwed to it at each end, said angle-piece being grooved on the under side to embrace the sides of the ratchet-bar, as clearly shown in Figs. 5 and 10. The upright part of the an g'le-piece is pivoted or hinged to the carriage, as shown.

This ratchet-bar in normal posit-ion is engaged by the knife-edged stop-lever (50, pivoted to rail 9, and held in engagement by the forked arm (31 of shaft 02." Said shaft. is provided with an arm, 63, held in adj ustnicnt by setscrew 64, resting on arm of: shaft 144 of Shaft 62 is held and returned to normal position by a spring, 67, re ulated as to tension by set-screw collar 68. A bracket, (59, carries a knife-edged bell-c rank lever, 70, joined to the type-wheel lever 7 by a connecting-rod, 71, hooked or otherwise fastened thereto. (See Fig. 5.) Nuts 72 73 on the end of said rod serve to limit and regulat-e its movement witlrreference tothe toothspaces of said rack-bar The nuts 72 73 TIO ' explained.

lows: On

on adj usting pin 'movement through arms and 63 to shaft I roll rotates in the uprights 77.

strike against a bracket-arm, 51, Figs. 9 and 18, limiting the movement of rod 71 and the V vibration of type-wheel shaft.

The operation of this mechanism as foloperating 'a given key-lever transverse lever 66 is lifted from normal position 74 and communicates its.

62 and forked arm 61, which disengages rackbar 59 from stop-lever 60 and brings it into engagen'tent with bell-crank lever 7 0, and this, moving the distance of a tooth interval of rack-bar 59, pulls the connecting-rod '71 and lever 7 and propels the type-wheel against the platen and allows the forward the distance of atooth corresponding to the distance between two letters. A spring, 147, connecting lever 7 with standard 117, retracts the type-wheel to normal position.

It is obvious that any other form of typecarrier in which the type are all moved together, as; well as that of the type-wheel, might be employed in combination with the automatic striking mechanism -above described. v

The adjustingscrew (it on arm ti-i determines the instant of time when thetrip of the type-wheel takes place for all the keys in con'imon, and the adjusting screw-pins Tel make a supplenientary adjustment of the same for each key-leverto cotmterbalam'ee accidental inequalities in the movement of said lever. Th 0 relative rotary and forward movements of the type-wheel are so adjusted through regulator pi us of dri Yer-lever J,Cll60kpin shaft 26, and lever (it; as to make sure that the rotary movement shall be complete and the type-wheel in proper position for striking liict'm-e it strikes.

Having thusdescribed the mechanism controlling the movements of the t ype-wheel, the feed movement will now be set forth.

Thepaper-carriage is formed with a large roll, 75, a smaller roll, 71:1, a cross-bar, 78, held by nuts, platen 7.), and scroll 81'). The large The smaller roll has its bez'irings in the ends of springarms 81, which serve to press the rolls together. These spring-arms are fastened to cross-bar 7.8 by means of slotted ends and setscrews 82 to allow of parallel adjustment of the rolls. Rails 83 and 8-1 are mounted on the paper-carriage tor a purpose hereinafter The paper-carriage is mounted on rollers H5, which travel in a grooved rail, 9, thereby diminishing friction. The papercarriage is sustained in an upright position by a bent arm, 86, fixed to the back of crossbar 78 and having 'aroller 87, on its lower end, which travels on the base-frame of the machine and beneath aguide-bar, S8. Roller .87 is'inounted on an arm, 89, pivoted to arm so, and held in position by a spring, 90,which holds it in normal upright position against a pin, the object of w'liichwill be explained directly. The roll 75 is rotated against the roll 7 6 for interlinear spacing by a screw-and paper-carriage to move immovably to shaft 92,

t t i position.

-of ratchet-bar,

ratchet device at its left. This consists of a sleeve, 91, a portion of which incases one end of the shaft 92 of roll 75, and having a slit, 93, in its closed outer end for the passage of the screw-formed end of the screw-plunger 100, a drum, 9i, placed in line with sleeve 91 and having in its flange a fixed ratchet-ring, 95, and concentric within said ring a rotating disk, 96, carrying a'spring-pawl, 97, and keptin. place by a cap, 98, screwed onto the end of the drum. Sleeve 91 turns freely in the carriage end to which the drum 94 is securely fixed, as shown in Fig. 1]. Disk 96 has a slit, 99, in axialline with t-h'slit 93. I11 these two slits slides a plunger-screw, 100, terminating in apresser-head, 10.1. 'lhepart of said plun-- ger working in the slit 99 is straight. That which is twisted into screw form works in slit 93. A spiral spring, -102,eneircles plunger: screwitlt) and seryesto bring it to a normal-- In operating this mechanism it is only necessary to press the plunger, when the I screw-flange, held to its position by the pawl dand ratchet-ring; causes the screw end of the plunger to rotate the sleeve 91 and the roll "the distance between two lines of print. When 101 is released, the plunger the presser-head is retracted, its spiral recoil being communicated to the disk through the screw, and the disk theretin'e rotated by this back movement a distance eorrespondin g to the forward movement of the roll. l

'lhumb-screw 10S regulates the degree of movement of the plunger and the distance employing a' fixed between lines. Instead of ratchet-ring and rotating pawl, the disk may be ratcheted and the pawl stationary 011 the periphery of the drum. Sleeve 91 is not fixed but is held to it by friction. To this end a stitt' spring, 104, is employed, balanced on a boss, 105, and carry ing a pin, 106, on one end, p- .sing through a hole in the sleeve and resting in a groove, 107, in the shaft. One end of this spring-arm has a regulating-screw, .109, to adjust the degree of friction between the shaft and the sleeve; The object of this device is that the roll may be rotated not only in the normal direction permitted by the pawl and ratchetring described, but also in the opposite direction without. disturl'iing said pawl. The paper is thus quickly mani nilated up or down by one hand withoutdisengaging the ratchet. 'lhumb-screw 109 is employed for this purpose. Itremains to set forth how the papercarriage moves laterally. A stepby step escapement-inovement; is employed and is substantially thesame as already used by me in priorpatents, except that the ratchet-bar, as

described. above, is'moved in alternate engagement with a pointed bell-crank lever and a pivoted stop. Thestop-lever (it) is pivoted to rail .9 and held in position by spring 110, so that it opposes noresistance to the retraction of the carriage.

In order to move the carriage forward free it is onlynecessaa'ywto tilt it back against the spring 90 on bent arm 86, which keeps it in normal position until the ratchet-bar is depressed below the st0p-lever 60, thus allowing the main spring 57 to draw itforward. 1

The hail 81 supports the paper and the bail S3 presses it in close contact with the platen. The paper may be inserted either at the back or front of the rolls. The mode in which the transverse lever moves the hinged rack-bar to cause the type-wheel to strike has been shown, and since the same movement causes the'forward movement of the carriage it is only necessary to describe the operation of the space-key lever. The space-key lever 111, through adjusting-pin 112, Figs. 6 and 3, and arm 113, operates shaft 62 directly, and thus rocks the hinged ratchet-bar; butv as this causes the type-wheel to be brought toward the platen it is necessary to prevent its striking and making an impression. For this purpose an arm, 114,.having a pivoted bent lever,

115, is attached to shaft 111, and an arm, 148, is secured to the lower part of bent lever 7. The arm 148 is in the same vertical plane with the-lever 115. By the rotation of shaft 144 the lever 115 is carried out of the way of arm 148 when it rises with lever 7 upon a keylever being struck; but when the space-key lever is struck, the'shaft 111 having no movement, the lever 115 stops the upward movement of arm 148, and so prevents the type-,

wheel from making an impression. \Vhen the arm 148 is returning to normal position after the type-wheel has been operated by a key-lever, ithits the lever 115, tilts the latter out of the way, and thus passe it. lransverse lever (56 and driver-lever 3 have a break "in front of the platen.

in the middle in a line with the space-key lever 111, and therefore are not operated thereby. The space-key is operated by shift-bar 4c, the latter being directly connected thereto. After shift-bar 4 has been depressed it must of course be released before another key is operated.

The ribbon-guide consists of bent arms 116, hinged to standard 117 and having flanged uprights 118, around which the ribbon passes A hanger, 119, connects ribbon-guide with transverse lever Go. By means of this mechanism the ribbon is moved in and out'of the field of impression, displaying the letter as soon as it is made.

The ink-ribbon mechanism consists of spools 135 on shafts 1236, one of which is screw threaded, ratchet-wheels 137, pawls 131, pivoted to levers 13h, loosely mounted on spoolshafts 13H, spiral spring 140, c mnect-ing-pawls 12 54, and forked arms 112 on the transverse lever-shaft 1H, engagii'ig the levers 138. The spools 1 35 are latched to their shafts, as shown in Fig. 1, so as to be readily removed and supplied with fresh ribbon. The pawls 131 are mounted and hinged on levers 138, which are pivoted on spool-shafts 136. Said levers, and through their intervention said pawls, are operated by forked arms 11;, which are fixed upon and project upward from shaft 144,

which is operated by the key-levers. Both pawls are operated by said shaft simultaneously, but only one at a time is, as shown hereinafter, in engagement with its respective ratchet-wheel. Said ra-tchct wheels 1.37, in which spool-shafts 136 are stepped, alternately rotate said shafts with their respective ribhon-' spools.

122 indicates a nut guided by the standard '117, and traveling up and down on the screwthreaded right-hand riblmn-spool shaft, and having a pin, 1:23, engaging a slotted arm, 124, Pivoted arm 124 has a slot, 125, whose ends strike against a pin, 126, on a disk, 127, having arms 128 129. The upper arm, 128, engages the notches of a spring-actuated arm, 130, and the lower arm, 129, actuates a slotted plate, 131, on standard 117, bent so as to be held to place by friction, or, in lieu of being bent, provided with frictionwashers, and sliding upon set-screws 132, having end projections acting againstthe rear end of pawls 134. The arm 129 actuates the plate pawls, will bring left-hand pawl into 131'by striking against lugs 150 thereon, thus moving the plate to right orleft. The ribbon is wound from one spool to the other, and

vice versa. In doing this it is necessary either to shift the gearing of the spools by hand or automatically. The former is objectionable, because a momentary inattention to the condition of the spools causes bad work or interrupted feed, and it is desirable to have the attention concentrated on the work. For this purpose I employ an automatic deviceconsisting' of the parts above named.

The operation is as follows: Suppose the pawl and ratchet on the right hand of the standard 117 to be in engagement and the right-lmndspool drawing the ribbon from the left-liand spool. The nut will in this case travel up'itssha-ft and the upper end of slot 125 of lever 121 will in the latter part of its movementbear against the pin 126 in disk 127-of lever-arms 128 129 and move upper arm, 128, to the left. As soon as the pointof arm 128 has reached the edge of its notch in arm 130, it will slip to the bottom of the next notch, owing to the spring of arm 130. This will cause the lower arm, 129 to snap to the right, carrying with it friction-slide 131 and driving the end of the latter against the rear end of right-hand pawl and disengaging it from its ratchet-wheel. At the same moment the spiral spring 140, connecting the two engagement with left-hand ratchet-wheel. The left spool will now revolve opposite to its former direction and cause the right-hand spool to reverse and the nut to travel down the screwthreaded shaft, throw lever-arm 128 into its first notch, and so on interchangeably. Friction-slide 131 remains in position where last thrown, and so keeps its pawl out of engagement after lever 128 has left it and until the shift is completed.

In order that the adjusting-pins on the keyof the check-pins, the key-lever pins are provided with square heads in the shape of nuts 149, as shown in Eig. 5?. Y

I disclaim the following device: in a typewriting machine, a type-wheel, gear-arms, -and a series of key-levers, each lever provided with two project-ions, one for actuating said type-wheel and the other for arresting its motion, combined with interfering mechanism,

' carriage, and connections, substantially as described, between the type-carrier and the paper-carriage, whereby the type-wheel is impelled against the platen, substantially as describerL 2. The combination, with a driver-lever, of a striking type-carrier connected with and rotated by said lever, a spring-actuated paperti arriage, and cmlnections, substantially as described, between the type-carrier and the paper-carriage, substantially as described.

3. The combination, with key-levers and d river-levers, of a striking type-ca-rrier, a paper-carriage, and mechanism, substantially as describeth'coituecting the type-carrier with the paper-carriage, substantially as described.

4. The combination, with kc \"levers, driverlevers,and check-pin shal'ts,of a st rikingtypecarrier, a spring-actualed paper-carriage, and mechanism, substantially as described, connecting the type-carricr with the paper-carriage, substantially as descrilwd.

5. The combination, witlra striking typecarrier, of a uspring-act-uated paper-carriage having an escapement connecting it with the tv'pecarrier, substantially as described.

6. The combinatipn, with a striking typeearrier, of a spring-actuatcd paper-carriage having a rocking rack-hmand anescapement connected with the type-carrier, substantially as described.

T. The combination, with key-levers having adjusting screw-pi us, of check-pi n shafts with the check-pins arranged spirally thereon, substantially as described.

8. The combination,with the key-levers having adjusting screw-pins, of transverse lever having an arm actuating an adjustable leverarm on the mechanism, substantially as described, for operating the cscapement of the paper-carriage, substantially as descrilLa-al.

9. The combination, with a striking typewheel, of a detachable shifter-arm moving with the type-wheel having two slotted projections engaging the ty 'iewheelsleeve and giving vertical-am?allowinga-otary motion of wheel and its the latter, substantially as described.

10. The combination, with a striking typedet'achable shifter-arm, of a pivoted" lever operated by a shift-bar, substantially as described.

11. The combination, with a shift-bar and space-key leverhaving an adj nst-ing-pin, of a shaft wit-h an, arm bearing upon the adjustingpin and the paper-carriage rack-bar, substantially as described.

12. A retracting. device for a striking typewheel shaft, consisting of reverse spiral springs, adjustable fixed collars to which the outer ends of the springs are secured, a central-fixed collar and on either side of it a loose collar or ring to which the inner end of each spring is secured, and which has a flange abutting in one direction against a projection adjacent thereto, substantially as described.

' 13. The combination, with a paper-carriage, of a bent arm, a roller and spring,and guidebar, the roller being held by the. spring, so as to permit the release'of the rack from the stop-lever, substantially as described.

' 14. The combination, with type-wheel shaft and driver-levers, of cheek-pin shafts and key-levers, substantially as described.-

15. The combination, with a striking typewheel and check-pin shafts, of key-levers having adjusting-pins and driver-levers having toothed segments engaging pinion's on "the outer ends of said check-pin shafts, substantially as described.

16. An automatic revcrsingpear for ribbonspools, consisting of a nut travelil'ig up and down on the thread of one of the spool-shafts, a slotted lever connected thereto, a frictionslide, substantially as described, acting against the pawls of the spool-shafts one at a time, a lever actuated by the slot-ted lever, and a spring-actuated tripping-lever, substantially as described. i

17. The combination, with transverse levershaft having arms engaging pawl-operating levers, the spool-shaft ratchet-wheels, the spool-shafts, and mechanism, substantially as described, for reversing the ribbon-spool shafts, substantially as described.

IS. The combination, with a sliding friction-plate alternately holding one or the other of the spool-shaft pawls out of engagement, of alever operating the-'t'riction-plate, a springactuated notched arm co-operating with the said lever, a slotted lever operating said firstnalned lever, and a nut traveling 'up and down on the thread of one of the spool-shafts, substantially as described. I

10. The combination, with ribbon spool shafts having ratchet-wheels and pawls, of transverse lever-shaft having forked arms engaging the pawls of ribbon-spool shafts, substantially as described.

20. In a type-writing machine, an interlinear spacing device consisting of a plungerscrew engaging a slotted projection connected 

